Nitrification and denitrification in subalpine coniferous forests of different restoration stages in western Sichuan, China

Nitrification is the biological conversion of organic or inorganic nitrogen compounds from a reduced to a more oxidized state. Denitrification is generally referred to as the microbial reduction of nitrate to nitrite and further gaseous forms of nitric oxide, nitrous oxide and molecular nitrogen. They are functionally interconnected processes in the soil nitrogen cycle that are involved in the control of long-term nitrogen losses in ecosystems through nitrate leaching and gaseous N losses. In order to better understand how nitrification and denitrification change during the process of ecosystem restoration and how they are affected by various controlling factors, gross nitrification rates and denitrification rates were determined using the barometric process separation (BaPS) technique in subalpine coniferous forests of different restoration stages. The results showed that forest restoration stage had no significant effects on gross nitrification rates or denitrification rates (One-way ANOVA (analysis of variance), p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the temperature coefficient (Q ₁₀) for gross nitrification rate among all the forest sites (One-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). Gross nitrification rates were positively correlated with water content (p < 0.05), but not with soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, or C/N ratios. Denitrification rates in all the forest soils were low and not closely correlated with water content, soil pH, organic matter, or total nitrogen. Nevertheless, we found that C/N ratios obviously affected denitrification rates (p < 0.05). Results from this research suggest that gross nitrification is more responsible for the nitrogen loss from soils compared with denitrification. Translated from Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(1): 90–96 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

观光木播种苗生长规律及育苗技术研究

用有序样本聚类分析法将观光木1年生播种苗生长过程划分为4个时期:出苗期(2月26日-5月20日)、幼苗期(5月21日-7月20日)、速生期(7月21日-10月20日)和生长后期(10月21日-11月20日)。不同播种期的试验表明:冬播观光木比春播提早16 d萌发,苗高、地径生长量和总生物量分别比春播提高13.3%、15.1%和18.8%。采用沙藏可促进种子提早萌发和提高场圃发芽率。不同密度试验表明,观光木育苗采用60株.m-2的密度较好。     

数字图像处理在植物新品种鉴定中的应用

随着分子生物学和信息技术的发展,指纹图谱技术已成为品种鉴定的重要手段。本文从目前人工鉴定指纹图谱的方法出发,提出了利用计算机的图像处理技术来实现指纹图谱鉴定的方法以及实现技术。     

基于表面建模技术的数控车床动态加工仿真模型研究

在充分考虑数控车床加工表面特征的基础上,对以往仿真模型的不足进行了分析,提出了基于螺旋曲面的加工表面模型。该模型充分考虑了数控程序中主轴转速和进给速率两个重要参数,并提出了数控车床动态加工过程仿真的时间驱动机制。     

基于机器视觉的树木图像实时采集与识别系统

研究了树木图像的实时采集与识别技术 ,以及树木图像处理及分析软件系统的开发 ,并自行设计制作了室内模拟实验系统。树木图像处理技术包括图像的获取、图像的增强、图像边缘检测、图像分割和图像的特征提取与识别。本文的研究能够为分离施药目标与非施药目标提供依据 ,有助于精确农药喷雾的实现。     

Impacts of fractal features of soil on moisture infiltration capacity of typical stands in Jinyun mountain of Chongqing city

The soil structure was expressed with fractal dimensions of particle size distribution (PSD), aggregate size distribution (ASD), and soil pore size distribution (SPD). The effect of soil fractal features on soil infiltration velocity and process was studied. The result of the fractal feature shows that fractal dimensions of PSD are obviously greater than those of ASD and SPD, and in different soil genetic horizons, the fractal dimension of ASD has the greatest variability, and shows a downtrend on the top-to-bottom genetic horizon. According to the soil infiltration process curve, the infiltration process was divided into three phases: (1) the initial phase (0–5 min), (2) the transition phase (5–30 min), and (3) the stable phase (30–180 min). In the initial phase of infiltration, the soil structure of soil genetic horizon A was the major influencing factor; in the transition phase of infiltration, the pore distribution of soil horizon AB and soil structure of horizon B were the major influencing factors; in the stable phase of infiltration, the soil structure of horizon C was the major influencing factor to the infiltration velocity. Soil infiltration process is influenced comprehensively by soil PSD, ASD, and SPD. In the overall soil water infiltration, the infiltration in shrub forest land was much faster than that in other land uses, and in the initial infiltration phase, arable land soil infiltration was much faster than that in forest land, and in the stable infiltration phase, the infiltration velocity in forest land was faster than that in arable land. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006, 28(3): 73–78 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

决策分析中两种模糊综合评价模型的应用

模糊综合评价是决策分析中常用的方法,在不同的情况中应该采用不同的模型进行综合评价.介绍了两种评价模型.它们在出发点、建立方法、评价内容和实现过程上各不相同,各有千秋.相对模糊综合评价建模简单,运算方便,但不能确定方案本身的优劣程度.而多级模糊综合评价能区分影响因素的层次,降低了权重分配的难度,能判断出方案本身的好坏,但建模相对复杂,运算工作量大,隶属度构建复杂.     

树皮人造板及相关建筑材料的制备和应用

介绍了利用木质树皮制备人造板及相关建筑材料的生产工艺技术及其产品的特性,提出了木质树皮板的应用前景。     

干涉测量土地利用影像分类决策树法森林识别研究

利用ERS－1和ERS－2 SAR串行轨道数据经干涉测量处理生成的干涉测量土地利用影像对森林识别方法进行初步研究。内容包括基于目标识别选择合成干涉测量土地利用影像处理方法、应用斜分类器（OCI）生成分类决策树以及在自主开发的软件中调整分类决策树、对分类结果进行像元级别上的精度检验和误差分析等。结果表明：ERS－1和ERS－2 SAR串行轨道数据经干涉测量处理，利用其强度影像和相干影像可以合成多种干涉测量土地利用影像；其中最小值影像和 标准差影像较之于其它强度影像和变化影像更有利于区分水体和森林；由于OCI生成决策树的算法决定了在分类处理中没有不可分类别的存在，所以在初期选择分类类别时，要尽可能多的覆盖原始影像的数值区间；选择的各类别样本数据要尽可能的“纯”，以减少类别间数值区间的重叠，从而减少误分类情况。     

基于遥感的乌鲁木齐市绿地资源信息提取技术研究

城市绿地是城市生态系统中的一个子系统,可以综合调节城市生态环境。本文基于遥感信息,对乌鲁木齐市绿地格局进行研究和探讨,对城市绿地专题信息进行提取。主要通过计算TM影像及各主成分分量和归一化植被指数NDVI的相关系数来进行波段组合,提高遥感影像的目视解译精度和分类精度,然后与其他资料对比研究,可以发现该方法对于城市绿地信息提取能取得较好结果。研究表明乌鲁木齐市城市绿地存在面积较少,分布状况不均匀。